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Economic shocks including food price shocks, environmental shocks, social shocks, political shocks, health shocks, and many other types of shocks hit poor people and communities around the world, compromising their efforts to improve their well-being. As shocks evolve and become more frequent or intense, they further threaten people's food and nutrition security and their livelihoods. How do we help people and communities to become more resilient, to not only bounce back from shocks but to also to get ahead of them and improve their well-being so that they are less vulnerable to the next shock? How do we get better at coping with—and even thriving—in the presence of shocks? ; PR ; IFPRI1; 2020; CRP2; CRP4; E Building Resilience; G Cross-cutting gender theme ; DGO; PIM; A4NH; DSGD; PHND; MTID; PIC ; CGIAR Research Program on Policies, Institutions, and Markets (PIM); CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)

1. Food and nutrition security: Future priorities for research and policy -- Part 1: Food availability -- 2. Future prospects for cereal and legume production -- 3. Fruits, vegetables and Tubers: Bountiful resources for achieving and sustaining food and nutrition security -- 4. The impacts of modern agriculture on Plant Genetic Diversity -- 5. Agriculture and Micronutrient availability -- 6. Sustainable intensification -- 7. The role of agro-ecological and organic food production in making the world feed itself in the 21st Century -- 8. The meatification of diets -- 9. Livestock production systems: Animal welfare and environmental quality -- 10. Fisheries and aquaculture -- 11. Food losses and waste and the debate on food and nutrition security -- 12. How is climate change affecting the global food system? -- 13. The sustainability of the world's Soils -- 14. Water Resources for Food and Nutrition Security -- Part 2: Economic and Social access to food -- 15. Famines: causes and impact -- 16. Nutrition sensitive economic growth: What it is, why it matters and how to encourage it -- 17. The transformation of food supply chains: Implications for food and nutrition security -- 18. International trade, food security and nutrition -- 19. Food value chains and nutrition: Exploring the opportunities for improving nutrition -- 20. Smallholders, agro-biodiversity and mixed Cropping and Livestock Systems -- 21. The Implications of Land Grabs and Biofuel Expansion for Food and Nutrition Security in Developing Countries -- 22. Food Sovereignty -- 23. Localism and Food and Nutrition Security -- 24. Food and Nutrition Security within the Household: Gender and Access -- 25. The Socio-economic and Socio-cultural Determinants of Food and Nutrition Security in Developed Countries -- Part 3: Food Utilization -- 26. Food and Nutrition Surveillance -- 27. Addressing Maternal and Child Undernutrition in Low-income and Middle-income Countries. A Review of Nutrition-specific and Nutrition-sensitive Interventions -- 28. The Agriculture-nutrition Disconnect -- 29. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: a Missing Link to Food and Nutrition Security? -- 30. Nutrition, Health and Early Childhood Development -- 31. Nutrition Policies and Programs in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Progress and Challenges to Achieving Impact at Scale -- 32. Costing and Financing Nutrition Programs in the Developing World: What will they Cost and How can they be Financed? -- 33. Food Social Safety Net and Dietary Guidance Programs in Developed Countries -- Index.

Urban population growth is extremely rapid across Africa and this book places urban food and nutrition security firmly on the development and policy agenda. It shows that current efforts to address food poverty in Africa that focus entirely on small-scale farmers, to the exclusion of broader socio-economic and infrastructural approaches, are misplaced and will remain largely ineffective in ameliorating food and nutrition insecurity for the majority of Africans. Using original data from the African Food Security Urban Network's (AFSUN) extensive database it is demonstrated that the primary food security challenge for urban households is access to food. Already linked into global food systems and value chains, Africa's supply of food is not necessarily in jeopardy. Rather, the widespread poverty and informal urban fabric that characterizes Africa's emerging cities impinge directly on households' capacity to access food that is readily available. Through the analysis of empirical data collected from 6,500 households in eleven cities in nine countries in Southern Africa, the authors identify the complexity of factors and dynamics that create the circumstances of widespread food and nutrition insecurity under which urban citizens live. They also provide useful policy approaches to address these conditions that currently thwart the latent development potential of Africa's expanding urban population.

The Food and Nutrition Improvement Plan of Antioquia (Plan de Mejoramiento Alimentario y Nutricional de Antioquia, or MANA) began in 2001 as an outgrowth of one Colombian politician's passion to reduce child mortality from malnutrition. Probably very few people in Colombia's mountainous department of Antioquia know what the letters of MANA stand for. But thanks to successful, energetic promotional campaigns among politicians, communities, and other stakeholders and an effective synthesizing of new and existing programs across multiple sectors, quite a few people know MANA. This chapter explores the research questions and hypotheses described in Chapter 4 in the context of this program. ; PR ; IFPRI1 ; PHND

In this paper we develop a typology to help design and improve spatial targeting of food and nutrition security (FNS) interventions. Using a comprehensive framework, the proposed approach allows for the broad identification and location of major food security bottlenecks. The resulting typology is based on an amendable demarcation of areas in a four-indicator diagram representing the four core dimensions of FNS. The proposed typology is applied to the rural territories of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Despite a continuum of heterogenous development challenges across the country, the typology helps identify clusters of territories that suffer from production, access, and utilization constraints. For the nine territories (out of 145) with the highest child stunting levels, we identify four broad intervention zones and analyze their efficiency profile in more detail. Despite its reductionist nature, our typology is conceptually sound, operationally flexible, and less data intensive, important features to promote evidence-based policymaking in contexts characterized by imperfect and scarce data. ; IFPRI3; IFPRIOA; ISI; 2 Promoting Healthy Diets and Nutrition for all; 3 Building Inclusive and Efficient Markets, Trade Systems, and Food Industry; 4 Transforming Agricultural and Rural Economies ; AFR ; PR

This open access book discusses the current role of smallholders in connection with food security and poverty reduction in developing countries. It addresses the opportunities they enjoy, and the constraints they face, by analysing the availability, access to and utilization of production factors. Due to the relevance of smallholder farms, enhancing their production capacities and economic and social resilience could produce positive impacts on food security and nutrition at a number of levels. In addition to the role of small farmers as food suppliers, the book considers their role as consumers and their level of nutrition security. It investigates the link between agriculture and nutrition in order to better understand how agriculture affects human health and dietary patterns. Given the importance of smallholdings, strategies to increase their productivity are essential to improving food and nutrition security, as well as food diversity.

This open access book discusses the current role of smallholders in connection with food security and poverty reduction in developing countries. It addresses the opportunities they enjoy, and the constraints they face, by analysing the availability, access to and utilization of production factors. Due to the relevance of smallholder farms, enhancing their production capacities and economic and social resilience could produce positive impacts on food security and nutrition at a number of levels. In addition to the role of small farmers as food suppliers, the book considers their role as consumers and their level of nutrition security. It investigates the link between agriculture and nutrition in order to better understand how agriculture affects human health and dietary patterns. Given the importance of smallholdings, strategies to increase their productivity are essential to improving food and nutrition security, as well as food diversity.

The level of food diversity in any household is an indicator of its healthy dietary habits. It depends on demographic and socio-economic conditions, geographic location, consumption habits and expenditure, cultural practices, income, food prices and the availability, access and utilisation of food. Against this backdrop, our study analyses the pattern of food consumption, dietary diversity, food frequency and the Recommended Dietary Allowance in 12 villages located in 6 districts of Bihar to understand the socio-economic determinants of a household's food security. The results show that the diversity of food consumption is mainly dependent on the consumption of cereals across various socio-economic classes. Our analysis also emphasises the importance of schemes like the Public Distribution System which has a positive influence on food security outcomes of a household. The logistic regression results show that if the household belongs to the richest consumption class, with better education levels and more salaried members, then the probability of better food and nutrition security is high. In contrast, the low social status of a household, especially those from a Scheduled Caste background, will reveal reduced household food security.